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|combatant2= Ottawas Ojibwas Potawatomis Hurons Miamis Weas Kickapoos Mascoutens Piankashaws Delawares Shawnees Wyandots Mingos Seneca |commander1= Jeffrey Amherst Henry Bouquet Thomas Gage |commander2=Pontiac Guyasuta |strength1=~3,000 soldiers〔Dowd, ''War under Heaven'', 117; Dixon, ''Never Come to Peace'', 158.〕 |strength2=~3,500 soldiers〔Dowd, ''War under Heaven'', 117.〕 |casualties1=450 soldiers killed, 2,000 civilians killed or captured, 4,000 civilians displaced |casualties2=~200-1,500 soldiers. Civilian casualties unknown.}} Pontiac's War, Pontiac's Conspiracy, or Pontiac's Rebellion was a war that was launched in 1763 by a loose confederation of elements of Native American tribes primarily from the Great Lakes region, the Illinois Country, and Ohio Country who were dissatisfied with British postwar policies in the Great Lakes region after the British victory in the French and Indian War (1754–1763). Warriors from numerous tribes joined the uprising in an effort to drive British soldiers and settlers out of the region. The war is named after the Ottawa leader Pontiac, the most prominent of many native leaders in the conflict. The war began in May 1763 when Native Americans, offended by the policies of British General Jeffrey Amherst, attacked a number of British forts and settlements. Eight forts were destroyed, and hundreds of colonists were killed or captured, with many more fleeing the region. Hostilities came to an end after British Army expeditions in 1764 led to peace negotiations over the next two years. Native Americans were unable to drive away the British, but the uprising prompted the British government to modify the policies that had provoked the conflict. Warfare on the North American frontier was brutal, and the killing of prisoners, the targeting of civilians, and other atrocities were widespread. The ruthlessness and treachery of the conflict was a reflection of a growing divide between the separate populations of the British colonists and Native Americans. Contrary to popular belief, the British government did not issue the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in reaction to Pontiac's War, though the conflict did provide an impetus for the application of the Proclamation's Indian clauses.〔Miller, ''Compact, Contract, Covenant'', 67; Ray, ''I Have Lived Here'', 127; Stagg, ''Anglo-Indian Relations'', 334-37.〕 This proved unpopular with British colonists, and may have been one of the early contributing factors to the American Revolution. ==Naming the conflict== The conflict is named after its most famous participant, the Ottawa leader Pontiac; variations include "Pontiac's War", "Pontiac's Rebellion", and "Pontiac's Uprising". An early name for the war was the "Kiyasuta and Pontiac War", "Kiyasuta" being an alternate spelling for Guyasuta, an influential Seneca/Mingo leader.〔Dixon, ''Never Come to Peace'', 303n21; Peckham, ''Pontiac and the Indian Uprising'', 107n.〕 The war became widely known as "Pontiac's Conspiracy" after the publication in 1851 of Francis Parkman's ''The Conspiracy of Pontiac''.〔Nester, ''"Haughty Conquerors"'', x.〕 Parkman's influential book, the definitive account of the war for nearly a century, is still in print.〔McConnell, "Introduction", xiii; Dowd, ''War under Heaven'', 7.〕 In the 20th century, some historians argued that Parkman exaggerated the extent of Pontiac's influence in the conflict and that it was misleading to name the war after Pontiac. For example, in 1988 Francis Jennings wrote: "In Francis Parkman's murky mind the backwoods plots emanated from one savage genius, the Ottawa chief Pontiac, and thus they became 'The Conspiracy of Pontiac,' but Pontiac was only a local Ottawa war chief in a 'resistance' involving many tribes."〔Jennings, ''Empire of Fortune'', 442.〕 Alternate titles for the war have been proposed, but historians generally continue to refer to the war by the familiar names, with "Pontiac's War" probably the most commonly used. "Pontiac's Conspiracy" is now infrequently used by scholars.〔Alternative titles include "Western Indians' Defensive War" (used by McConnell, ''A Country Between'', after historian W. J. Eccles) and "The Amerindian War of 1763" (used by Steele, ''Warpaths''). "Pontiac's War" is the term most used by scholars listed in the references. "Pontiac's Conspiracy" remains the Library of Congress subject heading.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pontiac's War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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